A due,due to,owing1 to,certain,sure,bound2,confidentdue用于指时间,和动词不定式连用:

The race is due to start in ten minutes.

还有十分钟赛马就该开始了。

但due也可以单独用:

The plane was due(in)at six.It is an hour overdue3.

飞机应该是6点到,目前已误点一小时了。

due to(介词)意为是的结果,因为:

The accident was due to carelessness.

这起车祸是由粗心导致的。

owing to意为因为,由于:

Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.

因为他的粗枝大叶,大家出了车祸。

due to需要置于主语+动词之后,但英国人常常粗枝大叶地在句首应该用owing to时错用了due to。

certain和sure与动词不定式连用,表达说话人的判断。bound也可用在此处:

Tom is certain/sure/bound to win.

汤姆一定会赢。(说话人对此非常有把握。)

但主语+certain/sure+that从句结构则表达主语的判断:Tom is sure that he will win.

汤姆确信他能获胜。(汤姆对于获胜有十分把握。)

confident that如上面所说可代替certain/sure that,但confi-dent不可以放在动词不定式之前。

sure,certain,confident均可放在of+名词/代词或动名词之前:Unless youre early you cant be sure of getting a seat.除非你早去,不然你不会有座位的。

bound后面可跟动词不定式,但不可以跟that从句。

bound+动词不定式也有有义务做的意思:

According to the contract we are bound to supply the materials.

根据合同大家需要提供材料。

B afraid(of),ashamed(of),sorry(for/about)

afraid of,ashamed of,sorry for/about+名词/代名词或动名词的例子如:

She is afraid of heights/of falling.

她怕登高/摔下来。

He was ashamed of himself(for behaving so badly)/ashamed of behavingso badly.

他为我们的无礼行为感到羞愧。

Im sorry for breaking your window.

对不起,我打碎了你的窗户。(道歉)

Im sorry about your window.

关于你的窗户的事我非常抱歉。(道歉/懊悔)

Im sorry for Peter.

我为彼得感到遗憾。(遗憾)

afraid,ashamed,sorry均可坐落于动词不定式之前:

She was afraid to speak.

她怕开口说话。(她没说话。)

Id be ashamed to take his money.

我不好意思拿他的钱。(我没拿钱。)

Im sorry to say that we have no news.

我非常抱歉地对你说,大家没得到消息。

或坐落于that从句之前:

Im ashamed that Ive nothing better to offer you.

我非常不好意思,我没更好的东西送给你。

Shes afraid(that)he wont believe her.

她怕他不信赖她。(担忧)

Im afraid(that)we have no news.

恐怕没消息。(懊悔)

Im sorry(that)you cant come.

真遗憾,你来不了。

(关于这三种结构意思上有什么区别,参见第271节。关于Imafraid not/so,参见第347节。)

C anxious(about),anxious+动词不定式,anxious thatanxious(+about+名词/代名词)意为焦虑:

Im anxious(about Tom).His plane is overdue.

我非常(为汤姆)着急。他乘的飞机误点了。

be anxious(+for+名词/代名词)+动词不定式意为急欲/期望:

Im very anxious(for him)to see the Carnival4.

我很期望(他)去看狂欢节。

anxious+that+should结构可用于很正式的英语中:

The committee is anxious that this matter should be kept secret.

委员会切望这件事保密。

D fortunate(幸运的)和lucky(运势好的)既可和that从句连用,也可和动词不定式连用。二者在乎思上常有不同。

It is fortunate/lucky that常常意为是件好事:

Its lucky that Tom has a car.

真幸运,汤姆有一辆汽车。

Its lucky that he passed his test.

真幸运,他通过驾驶执照考试了。(目前他可以自己开车去火车站/ 携带孩子去海边了等。)

Its lucky for us that he has a car.

他有一辆汽车是大家的运势。(他能让大家搭车。)

主语+be+fortunate/lucky+动词不定式结构仍然强调主语的好运势:

Hes lucky to have a car.

他真幸运有一辆汽车了。(很多人没。)

He was lucky to pass his test.

真幸运,他通过考试了。(他实质没达到所需要的水平。)

is/are+fortunate/lucky+动词不定式的目前式主要与静态动词连用,如前面是was/were或后面用的是动词不定式的进行式或完成式,动词的选择范围则较广泛:

You were fortunate to escape unharmed.

你真幸运,毫发未伤地逃出来了。

You are lucky to be going by air.

你挺幸运的,能乘飞机走。

He is lucky to have sold his house before they decided5 to build the newairport.

他挺运势的,在他们决定要修建新机场之前把房屋卖了。

it is lucky(幸运)/unlucky(不幸运的)结构中可用任何动词的不定式:

It is unlucky to break a mirror.

打碎镜子是不吉的。(会带来坏运势。)

fortunate(幸运的)和unfortunate(不幸运的)不可以用于此处,但可用于上述其他结构。而且常用于较合法英语中。

下列形容词可单独用或与一个名词连用:

I wasnt lucky.

我不走运。

Hes fortunate.

他挺幸运的。

Thirteens my lucky number.

13是我的吉祥数。

Hes a fortunate man.

他是个幸运儿。

E possible(可能的),probable6(非常可能的)和likely(非常可能的)可与由it引导的that从句连用。likely也可与主语+动词不定式结构连用:

(a)Its possible that hell come today.等于:

(b)Perhaps hell come/He may come today.

今天他或许会来。

(a)Its probable that hell come today.等于:

(b)Hell probably come today.

今天他大概会来。

在上述的两种状况下,(b)形式要比(a)形式更为容易见到,但假如想对句中的形容词加以修饰,用that从句会更合宜:

Its just/quite possible that

非常可能

Its not very probable that

不太可能

以上两种形式对likely来讲是同样有用的:

Its quite likely that hdll come today.等于:

Hes quite likely to come today.

他今天非常可能来。

is/are+主语+likely+动词不定式结构是很有用的,由于它为may提供了一个疑问形式:

Is he likely to ring today?

他今天是否可能打电话来?

当所指的事情比较明显时,possible,probable,likely后可不需要that从句:

Do you think hell sell his house?

Its quite possible/probable/likely(that hell sell it).

你感觉他会把房屋卖掉吗?

非常可能(他会把房屋卖掉)。

F aware(了解)和conscious(感觉到)与that从句或of+名词/代词或动名词结构连用:

Itll be dangerous.

Im aware that Itll be dangerous./Im aware of that.

这将非常危险。

我了解这非常危险。/我了解那一点。

I was conscious of being watched.等于:

I felt that someone was watching me.

我意识到了有人在盯着我。

当conscious单独用时,指身体的感觉:

I had only a local anaesthetic.I was conscious the whole time.

我只作了局部麻醉。我一直是有知觉的。